About Chinese Herbs |
Chinese herbology is the theory of
traditional Chinese herbal therapy, which accounts for
the majority of treatments in Traditional Chinese
Medicine (TCM).
Chinese herbs have been used for many centuries. Among the
earliest literature are lists of prescriptions for
specific ailments, exemplified by the manuscript
"Recipes for 52 Ailments", found in the Mawangdui tombs
which were sealed in 168 BC.
The first traditionally recognized herbalist is Shénnóng (神农,
lit. "Divine Farmer"), a mythical god-like figure, who
is said to have lived around 2800 BC. He allegedly
tasted hundreds of herbs and imparted his knowledge of
medicinal and poisonous plants to farmers. His Shénnóng
Běn Cǎo Jīng (神农本草经, Shennong's Materia Medica) is
considered as the oldest book on Chinese herbal
medicine.
There are roughly 13,000 medicinals used in China and over
100,000 medicinal recipes recorded in the ancient
literature. Plant elements and extracts are by far the
most common elements used. In the classic Handbook of
Traditional Drugs from 1941, 517 drugs were listed - out
of these, only 45 were animal parts, and 30 were
minerals. For many plants used as medicinals, detailed
instructions have been handed down not only regarding
the locations and areas where they grow best, but also
regarding the best timing of planting and harvesting
them.
There are roughly 300 - 400 medicinals used legally in the UK.
They are plants. Any animal parts or minerals cannot be
imported into the UK.
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Dried herbs and plant portions for Chinese herbology at
a Xi'an market
Each herbal medicine prescription is a cocktail of many
substances, usually tailored to the individual patient.
Typically, one batch of medicinals is prepared as a decoction
of about 9 to 18 substances. Some of these are
considered as main herbs, some as ancillary herbs;
within the ancillary herbs, up to three categories can
be distinguished. Some ingredients are added in order to
cancel out toxicity or side-effects of the main
ingredients; on top of that, some medicinals require the
use of other substances as catalysts.
Herbal pills are standardized herbal formulas. From ancient
times, pills were formed by combining several herbs and
other ingredients, which were dried and ground into a
powder.
They were then mixed with a binder and formed into pills
by hand. The binder was traditionally honey. Modern
teapills, however, are extracted in stainless steel
extractors to create either a water decoction or
water-alcohol decoction, depending on the herbs used.
They are extracted at a low temperature (below 100
degrees Celsius) to preserve essential ingredients. The
extracted liquid is then further condensed, and some raw
herb powder from one of the herbal ingredients is mixed
in to form an herbal dough. This dough is then machine
cut into tiny pieces, a small amount of excipients are
added for a smooth and consistent exterior, and they are
spun into pills. Teapills are characteristically little
round black pills.
Herbal pills medicines are easy and convenient. They are not
easy to customize on a patient-by-patient basis,
however. They are often used when a patient's condition
is not severe and the medicine can be taken as a
long-term treatment. |
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